Breast and Prostate Cancer in the Elderly Research Paper Example

📌Category: Cancer, Health
📌Words: 939
📌Pages: 4
📌Published: 22 April 2022

Cancers such as breast and prostate cancer are two leading type of disease which affects the elderly population. Prostate cancer is one of the leading diseases that affects elderly men while breast cancer is one of the main cancers that affects elderly females. Overtime these diseases grow rapidly in society and also in the elderly population. Prostate cancer and breast cancer in the elderly have major aspects which have great effects on the aging population within the society. Whereas it have a great impact on the elderly population, prostate cancer and breast cancer in the elderly given that breast and prostate cancer are two leading cancer in the elderly. 

Prostate cancer is a frequent cancer that affects men all over the world. The prevalence of prostate cancer has risen in recent decades, owing to the increased use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. Prostate cancer risk is influenced by a man's age and family history of the disease. In primary care settings, most men with prostate cancer arrive with symptoms by Merriel, Funston & Hamilton (2018).

According to Mazhar, (2002). It is unclear if early detection and treatment of small mass localized prostate cancer will result in a reduction in overall mortality. Surveillance, radiation, and radical prostatectomy are among the treatment possibilities, but there is no evidence to compare the benefits of each. Over the last two decades, there have been significant advancements in treatment, including the adoption of more humane treatment and advances in chemotherapy and radiation.

Prostate cancer is detected in the majority of cases in males from western countries in the Americas and Europe. This is largely owing to the development of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the 1990s as a means of detecting prostate cancer. PSA's widespread use has sparked criticism, as the evidence for its utility as a screening test in asymptomatic men is still inconclusive by Merriel, Funston & Hamilton (2018).

According to Merriel, Funston & Hamilton (2018), Storage, voiding, and post-micturition symptoms are all LUTS, and there's no conclusive proof that they're related to the condition. Because PSA is now widely used as a prostate cancer screening test in several countries, more asymptomatic men are being diagnosed. Undiagnosed prostate cancer is thought to affect a considerable proportion of men throughout their lives.

Many men with prostate cancer are asymptomatic until the tumor has grown, and frequent symptoms have a lot of overlap with benign prostate disorders. There are presently no commonly available diagnostics or techniques that can distinguish between clinically important and clinically inconsequential prostate cancer based on strong evidence. Current diagnostic tests have large false positive and false negative rates, which limit their use said Merriel, Funston & Hamilton (2018).

In the United States, the Prostate Cancer Intervention Versus Observation Trial found that radical prostatectomy had no survival advantage over observation. The 10-year results showed that all therapies had low mortality rates, while surgery and radiotherapy had reduced rates of disease progression and metastases says Gasnier& Parvizi, (2017).

According to Professor Richard Branson, head of the Prostate Advanced Radiation Technologies Investigating Quality of Life Committee (PRT-II) at the University of Bristol, the future trend for prostate cancer treatment is highly interesting, with some of the most creative treatment regimens. by Gasnier& Parvizi, (2017).

Breast cancer is the second highest cause of cancer death in women, and early detection is one of the most effective ways to avoid it. Breast cancer patients in some developed nations have a 5-year relative survival rate of more than 80% due to early detection and treatment. Breast cancer stem cells have disclosed the etiology and tumor drug-resistant mechanisms, and numerous genes related to breast cancer have been discovered by Sun, Zhao, Yang, Xu, Lu, Zhu, Shi, Jiang, Yao, & Zhu (2017).

Breast cancer is that the second commonest explanation for cancer death in women within the United State (US). In 2002, it was the world's second most prevalent cancer, with over 1 million new cases. Cytotoxic, hormonal, and immunotherapeutic medicines are among the cytotoxic, hormonal, and immunotherapeutic medications used in the treatment of breast cancer. Recurrent illness affects about 30% of all individuals with early-stage breast cancer. Within 2 to 5 years, a local recurrence could suggest a systemic relapse. To provide better treatment, it is vital to choose medicines based on the patient's clinical and molecular characteristics as well as the tumor's clinical and molecular characteristics. Adjuvant therapy improves disease-free survival by 23% or more in early-stage breast cancer patients. Adjuvant hormone therapy is responsible for nearly two-thirds of the overall benefit of adjuvant therapy. For patients with locally advanced and inflammatory breast cancer, neoadjuvant systemic therapy is the gold standard. The survival rates obtained with noadjuvant systemic therapy are identical to those obtained with the usual adjuvant method. The use of this therapeutic technique improves breast conservation dramatically. Breast cancer is metastatic in 5% of newly diagnosed cases, and 30% of treated patients have a systemic recurrence by Gonzalez-Angulo, Morales-Vasquez, & Hortobagyi, (2007).

This as a major public health issue, with over 1,000,000 new cases and 370,000 deaths worldwide each year. For postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive tumors, tamoxifen, ovarian ablation, or both is the preferred treatment. In situations of receptor-negative tumors, acquired hormone resistance, and aggressive visceral illness, chemotherapy must be used first. For HER2-neu positive patients with good performance status, combination regimens associated with greater response rates and sometimes survival prolongation are indicated said Guarneri, & Conte. (2004).

It was concluded that in the general population that prostate and breast cancer diseases are some of the leading cancers in today society. Prostate cancer is the leading cancer in men while breast cancer is the leading cancer in women. These cancers globally cause a lot of death in both male and female over time. As time progresses these diseases increase rapidly in not just in the older population but also in the general society. Different Treatments have been developed by scientist and other health professionals but in order to remove the cancer it normally required a surgery to remove the cancer from those affected areas. The earlier you visit the doctor with the different signs and symptoms the better it is so you can be treated from the early stage.

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