Essay Sample on High Frequency Jet Ventilator

📌Category: Health, Medicine
📌Words: 1026
📌Pages: 4
📌Published: 29 September 2022

There are many different types, brands, and makes of ventilators. Types like conventional, invasive, noninvasive, and high frequency. High frequency ventilation can be broken down into separate makes. For example, high frequency oscillatory ventilator, and high frequency positive pressure ventilator. High frequency jet ventilators are mainly used in neonates and pediatrics today, but began for a different reason. It is used as a form of rescue therapy and can be used in some adult cases. High frequency jet ventilation is a form of low volume, high rate ventilation that now is mostly used in neonates, but has potential to be used for adults. 

Considering the variety of ventilators that can be used, there are only two that can produce similar outcomes to conventional mechanical ventilation by also having a different approach. One of those two being a high frequency jet ventilator. The main goal of a high frequency jet ventilator is to achieve low tidal volumes at high rates. “ The ventilator is microprocessor controlled and capable of delivering between 240 and 660 humidified breaths per minute” (Volsko, 449). With allowing an elevated rate, volume would remain low for instances like respiratory distress syndrome. “ This combination of small tidal volumes delivered for very short periods of time creates the lowest possible distal airway and alveolar pressures produced by a mechanical ventilator” (RT Staff). Not only is the ventilator allowing a low volume at high rate, but is also connected to a conventional ventilator. “Jet ventilators are used with a conventional ventilator that provides PEEP, entrained gas, and intermittent sighs” (Hess, page 586). A high frequency jet ventilator's main purpose and goal is for lung protection. Therefore, in the instance it is connected to a conventional ventilator, FINISH

While high frequency jet ventilators are an alternative approach to mechanical ventilation, they have been effective for the disorders used on. Studies show that in some cases and situations high frequency jet ventilators have proven more effective than regular mechanical ventilation alone. For example, a study was taken with groups of prenatal infants that suffered from respiratory distress syndrome. This study allowed researchers to notice the different outcomes that can be achieved for conventional mechanical ventilation compared to high frequency jet ventilators. “ With the HFJV treatment strategy that we used, use of the high-frequency jet ventilator in the early management of premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome resulted in significantly more adverse outcomes than in those treated with conventional mechanical ventilation” (Wiswell). The studies were taken from preterm infants that ranged in the same gestation age, similar blood gasses, birth weight, and averaged 7.3 hours since birth. It goes on to explain that the conventional mechanical ventilation did not meet the needs for the neonate compared to the high frequency jet ventilator. 

Even though a high frequency jet ventilator is mainly only ever correlated to neonates, there are some other purposes it is used for. One purpose it can be used for is as a tool for anesthesia in microlaryngoscopy in adults. The reason for this choice of ventilator is that during a laryngeal pathology, the airway is shared between surgeon and anesthesiologist. “ It is used in these cases as airway diameter is so narrowed that putting in an endotracheal tube is either impossible or would dislodge papillomas in distal airway. Here, HFJV is used as a stop-gap tool till the surgeon gets an opportunity to widen airway to accommodate endotracheal tube” (Naik). Although high frequency jet ventilation may not be used for this reason often, it has been stated to be safely used and effective. There is always a chance of complications though. “ Anesthetic concerns in microlaryngeal surgeries, where HFJV is being used, include optimal ventilation with the lowest acceptable FiO2 to minimize airway fires and maintenance of unobstructed airway to prevent air trapping” ( Naik). If the patient is monitored correctly, the machine is properly used, and an LMA is inserted directly after the procedure, then it is considered safely administered. 

Meanwhile, high frequency jet ventilation is an effective tool for the treatment of complications like respiratory distress syndrome and the use of anesthesia in microlaryngoscopy in adults, it can also be proven to be helpful during a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging process for pediatric care. It allows for a safe and feasible and safe environment for the child during the process. During the MRI, the child or patient has to remain still to allow good image quality, and that includes the chest wall to remain still. “The use of high frequency jet ventilation can be a solution to prevent chest wall movements” (Rodrigues). Although this is not fully proven to be an effective course of action, Rodrigues states that it has been justified as being “...feasible, safe, providing good quality cardiac imaging…” for the MRI procedure. A case study is going to go underway to better understand the techniques that needed to be demonstrated to allow for a guaranteed safe environment during the use of a high frequency jet ventilator while a cardiac MRI procedure. 

Even though high frequency jet ventilators are similar to high frequency oscillator ventilators, they differ in several ways. Both ventilators deliver low volumes at high rates. The high frequency jet ventilator delivers around two hundred forty to six hundred sixty a minute, whereas the high frequency oscillator ventilator administers around nine hundred breaths a minute. Another difference would be that a high frequency jet ventilator is connected to a conventional ventilator. Rt staff explains, “A conventional ventilator is always run in tandem with the jet to generate the PEEP and sigh breaths.” Whereas the high frequency oscillator ventilator is a stand alone machine that does not need a conventional mechanical ventilator. Lastly, another difference would be how exhalation is approached on each type of high frequency ventilator. For a high frequency oscillator ventilator RT staff describes that, “gas is pushed into the lung during inspiration, and then pulled out during expiration.” This would make exhalation an active process during the use of a high frequency oscillator ventilator. On the other hand, Rt staff also exclaims, “Expiration on HFJV is passive from elastic recoil.” These two types of ventilators are commonly mistaken as the same today. While high frequency jet ventilation is used for more rescue therapy, as in respiratory distress syndrome, and high frequency oscillatory ventilation is more for the purpose of lung protection. Even if they both are used to deliver low volumes and high rates, they differentiate with their outcomes, set ups, and methods.  

In conclusion, high frequency jet ventilators varry entirely from high frequency oscillator ventilators, also has proven to show potential in being safe and effective in adult cases, and is a safe and effective rescue therapy ventilator.

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