Essay Sample: the Development of the Human Brain

The embryonic period is a fascinating stage of human development. The neurological system and brain, sensory receptors, and skin parts all develop during this period (Santrock, 2014). This is also when development might be significantly limited or abundantly nurtured. It is astonishing to believe that a clump of cells can turn into unique thinking, feeling human being, influenced by heredity and upbringing (or lack thereof).

The development of the human brain is a long process that begins in the third week of pregnancy with neural offspring cell differentiation. It lasts at least until late adolescence, if not longer. Various activities contribute to brain development, from molecular gene expression events to environmental inputs. These various levels and process types cooperate to sustain the current sequence of events that characterize brain development. Normal brain development requires both gene expression and environmental engagement, and disruption of either can alter neural consequences. However, neither genes nor input have a prescriptive or determinant effect on the outcome. In other words, brain development is a complex network of dynamic and adaptive processes that work together to help new neuronal structures and functions form and differentiate during development. Such activity occurs under highly inhibited and genetically organized yet constantly changing circumstances that support the evolution of the human brain's complex and dynamic structure throughout time (Stiles & Jernigan, 2010).

Motor development, which includes reflexes, extensive motor skills, and fine motor skills, is another fascinating part of brain development. According to the dynamic systems theory, newborns develop motor skills for seeing and acting. Infants must use their perception to optimize their movements to develop motor skills, recognizing something that motivates them to behave in the environment. The infant's goals are met through motor skills (Santrock, 2014). Reflexes are uncontrollable. Some movements are impulsive and are part of the baby's regular activity. Others react to specific behaviors. Reflexes are tested to evaluate if the brain and nervous system function appropriately. Some reflexes are only present during certain stages of development.